Just to stick my two cents worth in........I have always felt that the most important "treatment" we (whether BLS, ALS, or whatever) provide for our patients is simply to be there. Yes, there are illnesses and injuries that we can directly treat or at least begin to treat in the field, but, whatever the pt's complaint, the fact that they are calling 9-1-1 indicates that their particular situation is something they can't handle themselves. That is where true EMS comes in, in my opinion. Most callers are relieved just to have someone do SOMETHING. I have seen O2 @ 2lpm via nc bring more relief to a pt than 4mg morphine just because someone is listening to them and taking some kind of action on their behalf. Bear in mind that I'm speaking in generalities as we all know of the "frequent flyers", and "bs" calls. But, even in those situations, the fact that someone is taking ACTION on behalf of the caller seems to bring most patients a sense of order and peace. In short......step up, step aside or step back, either way, get to stepping.